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Abstract:
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Using the exploratory method in a historical-comparative perspective, this thesis investigates, through presidential speeches, the visualization that authoritarian and democratic governments have had on Argentina's national political identity. This work analyzes the discursive manifestations of Argentina's presidents from 1916 to 2001, in order to reconstruct from divergent ideological positions their perspectives on the national political identity. Between 1916, when the first democratic government was established, until 1983, year that marked the end of the last military dictatorship and the return of the democratic system, Argentine presidents under different arguments and conflicts adhered to the paradigm friend-enemy. The presidents visualized their political adversaries as enemies to be exterminated or excluded from the national political life. The transition from military rule to democratic leadership produced a modification in the dilemmatic division on the annihilation of the "other" (political adversary). This change had positive consequences for building democracy. Therefore, beginning in 1983, Argentina experienced a variation in the political dimension of its national identity. Previously, this dimension was fragmented by "others" viewed as "internal enemies". Since the return of democracy, this ideological fragmentation is tolerated; there is a search for coincidences and coexistence, through the legitimization of the country's constitutional framework, putting an end to the coups d'etat in Argentina.
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