Surprisingly little has been written about the century-long relationship between Saudi Arabia and Europe, beyond snapshots of certain periods or certain aspects. Similarly, very few attempts have been made to seek long-term ...

The theme of 'Gulf security' is often addressed from the angle of regional and international threats. It should be clear that the domestic aspect is at least as important, and, indeed, intertwines with the external aspects: ...

Two sets of power relationships have emerged in the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran: official, institutional relationships outlined in the Constitution, and unofficial, informal ones existing between and ...

Encourages using a portfolio as a means of tracking and assessing a teacher's strengths and achievements. Explains what a portfolio should include: (1) background information; (2) current statement of teaching philosophy; ...

There has been a basic tension between the stated objectives of Middle Eastern leaders to integrate their countries into the world economy, on the one hand, and the actual, tangible levels of the integration, on the other. ...

Despite dangerously high tensions between the United States and Iran, which are rooted in the fundamentally different foreign policy objectives of each country, the risks of open hostilities between the two sides are ...

This article considers two concepts put forward by van Donselaar in a case against basic income: ‘the abuse of rights’, i.e. receiving income from an asset one has no interest in working with; and ‘Donselaarian exploitation’, ...