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    The Relationship between Access to Toilets and School Enrollment in Pakistan

    Cover for The Relationship between Access to Toilets and School Enrollment in Pakistan
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    Creator
    Hayat, Fatima Akram
    Advisor
    Thomas, Adam
    Abstract
    The Pakistani public-school system is struggling and has fallen substantially behind other developing countries in enrollment rates. The Government of Punjab, Pakistan’s largest province, initiated a program to improve school infrastructure to increase enrollment. Some studies suggest that access to usable toilets can increase school enrollment, attendance rates, and educational outcomes. Using annual census data on government schools in Punjab, this paper contributes to existing literature by examining the relationship between changes in school enrollment and changes in the number of usable toilets, controlling for a number of variables that were ignored by previous studies. I find that the availability of usable toilets is positively and significantly associated with enrollment. This relationship is stronger for schools in rural areas, for female-only schools and for secondary schools. I find no evidence of a relationship between the availability of toilets and enrollment for boys-only schools.
    Description
    M.P.P.
    Permanent Link
    http://hdl.handle.net/10822/1044655
    Date Published
    2017
    Subject
    Enrollment; Pakistan; Punjab; Toilets; Public policy; Education and state; Education; Public policy; Education policy; Education;
    Type
    thesis
    Publisher
    Georgetown University
    Extent
    41 leaves
    Collections
    • Graduate Theses and Dissertations - Public Policy
    Metadata
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    Georgetown University Seal
    ©2009 - 2022 Georgetown University Library
    37th & O Streets NW
    Washington DC 20057-1174
    202.687.7385
    digitalscholarship@georgetown.edu
    Accessibility