The Impact of Digital Inclusion on Civic Engagement: A Cross-Country Analysis Using Panel Data

Abstract

Digital inclusion – that is, having the necessary skills, knowledge and confidence to use information and communication technologies (ICTs) – facilitates people’s political activities and improves democratic governance. Using panel data from 26 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries for the period 2009 to 2018, I apply Ordinary Least Squares and Random Effects regressions to analyze the impact of digital inclusion policies on civic engagement. I consider relevant policy solutions with a focus on the investment in the high-quality infrastructure, digital knowledge and skills, and the positive attitudes required for effective use of ICT facilities. I find a significant positive relationship in the OECD countries I study between digital inclusion policies and the level of civic participation. I also find that digital inclusion policies have a stronger influence on voter turnout than my second civic engagement variable, which is the quality of social support network. Based on my analysis, I suggest policies to create a favorable legal environment and a safe digital services sector. I also note that enhancing the public’s willingness and confidence to embrace digital devices and services is also critical in moving into a post-pandemic era.