The dominant conception of brain death as the death of the whole brain constitutes an unstable compromise between the view that a person ceases to exist when she irreversibly loses the capacity for consciousness and the view ...

Virtue is the most perdurable concept in the history of ethics, which is understandable given the ineradicability of the moral agent in the events of the moral life. Historically, virtue enjoyed normative force as long as ...

Conclusions: The recent trend has been to rely on proxy decision making for incompetent patients. Support for proxy decision making has failed to acknowledge the growing body of ethical and empirical research suggesting that ...

In June 1983, a task force appointed by the Minnesota Board on Aging issued a set of guidelines designed to improve the process of making decisions about when to provide "supportive care," i.e., "care and treatment to ...

The use of the Quality Adjusted Life-Year (QALY) as a measure of the benefit obtained from health care expenditure has been attacked on the ground that it gives a lower value to preserving the lives of people with a ...

Over the past two decades a societal consensus has developed around the principle that decisions about life-sustaining treatment should be guided by patient self-determination. According to the President's Commission, ...

Simulation or transcription which is called cloning derived from Greek word (clon) that means cutting, budding and proliferating. Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact process of creating a genetic copy ...